Mineral legal perspective | Mining focuses on the "14th Five-Year Plan" guidance on the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste.

The comprehensive utilization of resources is an important part of China's in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategy. Bulk solid waste (hereinafter referred to as "bulk solid waste") is the core field of comprehensive utilization of resources, with large quantity and wide range, prominent environmental impact and broad utilization prospects. Promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste is of great significance to improve resource utilization efficiency, improve environmental quality, and promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, further improve the comprehensive utilization level of bulk solid waste, comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization, promote the construction of ecological civilization, and promote high-quality development. On March 18, 2021, the national development and Reform Commission, together with the Ministry of science and technology, the Ministry of industry and information technology, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of natural resources, the Ministry of ecological environment, the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, the General Administration of market supervision and the State Administration of China, issued the guiding opinions on the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in the 14th Five Year Plan (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions).

Mining is the foundation of economic and social development. We must adhere to the new development concept as the guide, promote the formation of green production and lifestyle as the main direction, support the high-quality development of the national economy and society as the overall goal, and continue to promote the quality improvement of the mineral resource supply system, Efficiency growth, structural upgrading, layout optimization, safety assurance, etc., should pay more attention to the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and focus on the "Guiding Opinions" the development of green mines with the times.

Background of the 1. Guidance

Bulk solid waste (hereinafter referred to as "bulk solid waste") refers to a single type of solid waste with an annual output of more than 0.1 billion tons, including coal gangue, fly ash, tailings, industrial by-product gypsum, smelting slag, construction waste and Seven categories such as crop straw are key areas for comprehensive utilization of resources.

my country has always attached great importance to the comprehensive utilization of resources. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has incorporated the comprehensive utilization of resources into the overall layout of ecological civilization construction, continuously improved laws and policies, strengthened scientific and technological support, improved standards and regulations, and promoted the development and growth of the comprehensive utilization of resources., Positive progress has been made in various tasks. In 2019, the comprehensive utilization rate of bulk solid waste reached 55%, an increase of 5 percentage points over 2015. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the cumulative comprehensive utilization of various bulk solid wastes was about 13 billion tons, reducing the occupation of land by more than 1 million acres, and the resource environment and economic benefits were significant. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will embark on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. Focusing on the theme of promoting high-quality development, the task of comprehensively improving the efficiency of resource utilization is more urgent. Affected by factors such as resource endowment, energy structure, and development stage, my country's bulk solid waste will still face a severe situation of high production intensity, insufficient utilization, and low added value of comprehensive utilization products in the future. At present, the cumulative stock of bulk solid waste is about 60 billion tons, with an annual increase of nearly 3 billion tons. Among them, the utilization rate of solid waste such as red mud, phosphogypsum and steel slag is still low, and the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste has a long way to go.

In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, further improve the level of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization, the National Development and Reform Commission took the lead in drafting the Guiding Opinions, which clarified the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in the new era. The main areas and target requirements of the company put forward the key tasks of steadily improving the efficiency of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, advancing green development, put forward the implementation of the efficient use of resources action, to promote the comprehensive utilization of resources to achieve new progress.

What are the basic principles and objectives of the 2. Guidance?

The Guiding Opinions put forward five basic principles for promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in the new period.

1. Adhere to the combination of government guidance and market leadership

We will improve comprehensive policies and measures and give full play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources.

2. Adhere to the combination of scale utilization and high-value utilization

Actively broaden the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste channels, and constantly improve the comprehensive utilization of resources to increase the added value of products.

3. Adhere to the combination of stock consumption and incremental control

Scientific and orderly elimination of the stock of bulk solid waste, strict control of the new bulk solid waste pile stock.

4, adhere to the focus of the combination of system governance.

Strengthen the management of the whole process of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and coordinate the promotion of waste production, waste and standardized disposal of all links.

5, adhere to the combination of technological innovation and model innovation

Strengthen innovation and leadership, break through the technical bottleneck of the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and cultivate a new model of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste.

According to the guidance, by 2025, the comprehensive utilization capacity of bulk solid waste will be significantly improved, the utilization scale will continue to expand, the comprehensive utilization rate of new bulk solid waste will reach 60%, and the stock of bulk solid waste will be reduced in an orderly manner. At the same time, five goals are put forward, such as the continuous improvement of the comprehensive utilization industry system, the gradual establishment of the technological innovation system, the basic improvement of the comprehensive utilization system, the continuous innovation of the collaborative development model and the significant enhancement of the demonstration and leading role.

What are the key tasks identified in the 3. Guidance in promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste?

The "Guiding Opinions" clarified 13 key tasks to promote the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste from three aspects: improving utilization efficiency, promoting green development, and promoting innovative development.

1. Improve the utilization efficiency of bulk solid waste resources

(1) Coal gangue and fly ash

Continue to improve the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and fly ash, promote the use of coal gangue and fly ash in engineering construction, subsidence area management, mine filling, and ecological restoration of saline-alkali land and desertified land, and orderly guide the use of coal gangue, Fly ash produces new wall materials, decoration materials and other green building materials, under the premise of controllable risks, deeply promote the application of agricultural fields and the extraction of valuable components, and strengthen the application and promotion of high-added value products.

(2) Tailings (co-associated ore)

Steadily promote the efficient extraction and overall utilization of valuable components of metal tailings, promote the preparation of sand source substitute materials such as sand aggregate, ceramsite, dry-mixed mortar, and gel backfill utilization of mining waste rock, and explore the utilization of tailings in the field of ecological environment management. Accelerate the comprehensive development and utilization of associated mineral resources such as ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and rare and precious metals, and the cascade recovery of valuable components, and promote the large-scale utilization of residual waste residues after the extraction of valuable metals. In accordance with the law to promote the ecological restoration of the closed tailings reservoir, without approval shall not be unauthorized mining tailings.

(3) Smelting slag

Strengthen industrial collaborative utilization, expand the scale of red mud and steel slag utilization, improve the proportion of red mud in road materials, and expand the use of steel slag powder as concrete admixture in construction projects and other fields. Continuously explore other large-scale utilization channels of red mud and steel slag. Encourage the recovery of iron, alkali, and alumina from red mud, and the recovery of valuable components such as rare and rare metals from smelting slag, improve the efficiency of mineral resource utilization, ensure national resource security, and gradually increase the comprehensive utilization rate of smelting slag.

(4) Industrial by-product gypsum

Broaden the utilization of phosphogypsum, continue to promote the use of phosphogypsum in the production of cement and new building materials, and explore the application of phosphogypsum in soil improvement, underground filling, roadbed materials and other fields under the premise of ensuring environmental safety. Support the use of desulfurization gypsum and citric acid gypsum to prepare new products and materials such as green building materials and gypsum whiskers, and expand the scale of high-value utilization of industrial by-product gypsum. Actively explore the resource utilization of complex and difficult-to-use industrial by-product gypsum such as titanium gypsum and fluorogypsum.

(5) Construction waste

Strengthen the classified treatment and recycling of construction waste, standardize the construction and operation of construction waste storage, transfer and resource utilization sites, and promote the application of comprehensive utilization of construction waste products. Encourage the application of construction waste recycled aggregates and products in construction projects and road projects, as well as the use of construction waste for earthwork balance, forestry soil, environmental treatment, sintered products and backfilling, etc., to continuously improve the quality of utilization and expand the scale of resource utilization.

(6) Crop straw

We will vigorously promote the comprehensive utilization of straw and promote the quality and efficiency of the straw comprehensive utilization industry. Adhere to the priority of agricultural use, continue to promote the use of straw fertilizer, feed and base material, and give full play to the combined function of straw farmland conservation and planting and breeding. Expand the scale of straw clean energy utilization, encourage the use of straw and other biomass energy for heating, gas supply and heating, optimize the structure of rural energy consumption, and promote the application of biomass natural gas in the industrial field. We will continue to broaden the ways of raw material utilization of straw, encourage the use of straw to produce environmental protection plates, carbon-based products, polylactic acid, pulp, etc., and promote the transformation of straw resources into high value-added green products. Establish and improve the straw collection, storage and transportation system, carry out professional and refined transportation and management services, and open up the "first mile" of the development of the straw industry ".

2. Promote the green development of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste

(1) Promote the green transformation of the waste industry to achieve source reduction.

Carry out the green design of the waste industry, fully consider the follow-up comprehensive utilization link in the production process, and effectively reduce the bulk solid waste from the source. Vigorously develop green mining, promote the application of gangue out of the well mode, encourage mining enterprises to use tailings, co-associated ore to fill the goaf, control the subsidence area, and promote the realization of tailings on-site consumption. Carry out green transformation of key industries such as energy, metallurgy, and chemical industry, continuously optimize technological processes, improve technical equipment, and reduce the intensity of bulk solid waste production. Promote coal gangue, tailings, iron and steel slag and other bulk solid waste production process self-absorption, promote the improvement of phosphorus gypsum, red mud and other complex and difficult to use bulk solid waste purification treatment level, to create conditions for comprehensive utilization. Promote green construction in the field of engineering construction, promote the in-situ recycling of waste pavement materials and demolition waste, and implement classified management, source reduction and resource utilization of construction waste.

(2) Promote green production in the waste industry and strengthen process control.

Continue to improve the level of technical equipment of waste enterprises, and increase the efforts of small scattered pollution enterprises. Strengthen the whole process management of the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and strictly implement the responsibility for the prevention and control of environmental pollution in the whole process. Promote green transportation of bulk solid waste, encourage the use of special transportation equipment and vehicles, and strengthen the management of bulk solid waste transportation process. Encourage waste-recycling enterprises to carry out cleaner production audits, strictly implement pollutant discharge standards, improve environmental protection measures, and prevent secondary pollution.

(3) Strengthen the standard disposal of bulk solid waste and keep the bottom line of the environment.

Strengthen the management of bulk solid waste storage and disposal, strengthen the main responsibility, promote the construction of storage facilities in line with relevant national standards, realize safe classified storage, and put an end to mixed discharge and mixed pile. We will take into account the incremental consumption and stock management of bulk solid waste, increase the comprehensive improvement of bulk solid waste in key river basins and key regions, and improve the long-term supervision and management system for environmental protection.

3. Promote the innovative development of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste

(1) Innovative comprehensive utilization mode of bulk solid waste

Promote "coal gangue underground filling and ground backfilling" in the coal industry to promote gangue reduction; Establish a "cascade recovery ecological restoration, storage and protection" system in the mining industry to promote the construction of green mines; Promote "solid waste does not leave the factory" in the iron and steel metallurgy industry and strengthen full quantitative utilization; Promote "in-situ regeneration and off-site treatment" of construction waste in the construction industry to improve utilization efficiency; Carry out "industrial-agricultural integration", promote industrial collaboration; explore standardized recycling and recyclable, high-value recycling approaches for solid waste from emerging industries such as decommissioned photovoltaic modules and wind turbine blades; promote the regional collaborative model of "public iron-water intermodal transport" of bulk solid waste in key areas to strengthen resource allocation. According to local conditions, we will promote the multi-industry and multi-species collaborative utilization of bulk solid waste, and form a new model of comprehensive utilization and development of bulk solid waste that can be replicated and promoted.

(2) Innovation of key technologies for comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste

Encourage enterprises to establish technology research and development platforms, increase investment in key technology research and development, focus on breakthroughs in source reduction and high-quality comprehensive utilization of key core technologies and equipment, and promote the research and development of key technologies for risk control in the process of bulk solid waste utilization. Relying on the national innovation platform, we should support the organic integration of production, teaching and research, and encourage the construction of basic R & D platforms such as industrial technology innovation alliance. Increase scientific and technological support, and incorporate key technologies for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste and large-scale high-quality comprehensive utilization technology research and development into the national key research and development plan. Timely revision of the technical policy outline for the comprehensive utilization of resources, strengthen the promotion and application of advanced and applicable technologies and integrated demonstration.

(3) Innovation of bulk solid waste collaborative utilization mechanism

Encourage multi-industry collaborative utilization, promote the coordinated development of bulk solid waste comprehensive utilization industry and upstream coal power, iron and steel, non-ferrous, chemical and other industries, and downstream construction, building materials, municipal, transportation, environmental management and other product application fields of deep integration, to open up inter-departmental, inter-industry blocking points and pain points. Promote cross-regional coordinated utilization, establish a cross-regional and cross-departmental linkage and coordination mechanism, and promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin Coordinated disposal and utilization of bulk solid waste in major national strategic areas.

(4) Innovative bulk solid waste management methods

Make full use of modern information technology such as big data and the Internet to promote industries, regions and industrial parks that produce a large amount of bulk solid waste to establish an "Internet bulk solid waste" comprehensive utilization information management system, and improve the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste information management level. Fully rely on existing resources, encourage social forces to carry out large-scale solid waste comprehensive utilization transaction information services, provide information services for waste-producing and waste-benefiting enterprises, and timely release large-scale solid waste production units, production volume, quality and utilization status by variety, so as to improve resource allocation efficiency and promote the overall improvement of the comprehensive utilization rate of large-scale solid waste.

4. "guidance" in promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste what action?

1, the backbone enterprise demonstration leading action

In the field of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, tailings (co-associated ore), smelting slag, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste, crop straw, etc., cultivate 50 furniture with strong upstream and downstream industry driving ability and master Core technology, high market share of comprehensive utilization backbone enterprises. Support backbone enterprises to carry out the construction of demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of high-efficiency, high-quality and high-value bulk solid waste, form a replicable and popularized implementation example, and play a leading role.

2. Construction of comprehensive utilization base

Focus on key waste-producing industries such as coal, electric power, metallurgy, and chemical industry, and build 50 bulk solid waste comprehensive utilization bases and 50 industrial resource comprehensive utilization bases around the implementation of major national strategies, and promote a batch of advanced and applicable technologies and equipment for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, Continuously promote the improvement of resource utilization efficiency. In the main grain and cotton producing areas, focusing on agricultural waste, 50 industrial and agricultural compound circular economy demonstration parks will be built to continuously improve the comprehensive utilization level of agricultural and forestry waste.

3, the comprehensive utilization of resources product promotion action.

The promotion of the use of comprehensive utilization of resources into the conservation-oriented institutions, green schools and other green life to create action. Increase government green procurement efforts, encourage party and government agencies, schools, hospitals and other public institutions to give priority to purchasing products for comprehensive utilization of resources such as straw environmental protection panels, and give play to the exemplary role of public institutions. Encourage green buildings to use coal gangue, fly ash, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste and other bulk solid waste as raw materials of new wall materials, decoration materials. Combined with rural construction action, guide the use of new wall materials in the construction of rural public infrastructure.

4, bulk solid waste system governance capacity improvement action.

Accelerate the improvement of the standard system for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and promote the convergence of standards between upstream and downstream industries. Strengthen the construction of statistical capacity in the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, clarify the statistical caliber, statistical standards and statistical methods, and improve the timeliness and accuracy of statistics. Encourage enterprises to actively carry out comprehensive utilization evaluation of industrial solid waste resources, continuously improve the evaluation mechanism, strengthen the capacity building of evaluation institutions, standardize the operation and management of evaluation institutions, actively promote the adoption of evaluation results, and guide enterprises to improve the quality of comprehensive utilization of resources.

5. "guidance" in promoting the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste what measures?

1. Strengthen organization and coordination

The development and reform departments of all localities should, in conjunction with the departments of science and technology, industry and information technology, finance, natural resources, ecological environment, housing and urban-rural construction, agriculture and rural areas, market supervision, and government affairs management, earnestly perform their duties, establish a work coordination mechanism with clear responsibilities, coordination, and strong supervision in accordance with the division of functions, strengthen policy linkage, and comprehensively promote the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in the region. All localities should follow up and evaluate the implementation of policies and industrial development in the region, and regularly report the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in the region every year.

2. Strengthening the rule of law

We will actively promote legislation on the comprehensive utilization of resources, study and formulate management measures for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste such as construction waste and crop straw, and encourage local governments to formulate laws and regulations on the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. Strengthen law enforcement supervision, give full play to the functions of ecological environment, market supervision, natural resources and other departments, strictly implement relevant laws and regulations on the prevention and control of solid waste pollution, form a comprehensive supervision and law enforcement force, and increase penalties for relevant illegal subjects and behaviors.

3. Improve the support policy

We will continue to implement preferential policies such as value-added tax, income tax and environmental protection tax. Encourage green credit and support enterprises in the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste to issue green bonds. Encourage local support for the development of comprehensive resource utilization industries. Improve the market access system, strengthen supervision during and after the event, create a fair competitive market environment, effectively enhance the attractiveness of investment in the comprehensive utilization of resources, guide social capital to increase investment in the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, and continue to explore relying on market mechanisms to promote the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste Path and model.

4. Strengthen publicity and promotion

Organize and carry out various forms of publicity activities, publicize and popularize knowledge about the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste through traditional news media and new media, and raise the awareness of the whole people to save resources and protect the environment. Give full play to the guiding role of relevant departments and industry associations, publicize typical cases of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, promote typical experiences, stimulate social investment motivation and vitality, and create a good atmosphere for the active participation of the whole society.