07
2025-07
In the previous article, the author systematically expounded on the framework and core characteristics of the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region. Based on this, this article will focus on an important component of Macao's legal system—the Macao Civil Code. In Macao's legal system, civil law occupies a crucial position. It comprehensively regulates personal and property relations between equal entities and plays a fundamental role in ensuring the orderly operation of socio-economic life. Based on the Macao Civil Code, this article will conduct a detailed analysis of Macao's civil law system and illustrate its specific application in practice with real-life cases.
2025-07-07
04
2025-07
The difficulty of enforcing judgments has been a long-standing problem in judicial practice. During the enforcement stage, some judgment debtors deliberately evade or resist enforcement, resulting in the legitimate rights and interests of the winning party being delayed. To solve this problem, judicial organs have continuously improved the regulatory measures for punishing those who refuse to execute judgments and rulings in recent years. In June 2025, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the "Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Handling of Criminal Cases of Refusal to Execute Judgments and Rulings" (No. 8 [2025] of the Supreme People's Court, hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"). These Opinions came into effect on July 1, 2025, aiming to further improve the mechanism for handling crimes of refusing to enforce judgments and rulings and to help solve the current problem of enforcement difficulties. The Opinions consist of 20 articles, which provide specific regulations on the division of responsibilities and cooperation among the people's courts, people's procuratorates, and public security organs in cases of crimes of refusing to enforce judgments and rulings, covering the investigation, prosecution, private prosecution, and trial stages. This article will analyze and interpret each article of the Opinions, discuss the difficult problems that may be encountered in practice and propose countermeasures in conjunction with relevant judicial interpretations, focusing on the division of responsibilities and cooperation mechanisms among the three organs of public security, procuratorate, and court, and evaluating the applicability and significance of each clause.
2025-07-04
03
2025-07
The core of shareholder responsibility lies in fulfilling the obligation to contribute capital and adhering to the principle of limited liability. In principle, if a company has paid in full its registered capital and has not engaged in illegal activities such as capital withdrawal, shareholders will not be added as persons subject to enforcement and subject to high consumption restrictions due to company debts. However, under certain circumstances, limited liability may be breached, resulting in supplementary or joint and several liability.
2025-07-03
01
2025-07
With the increasing cooperation and exchanges between Shandong and Hong Kong and Macao in various fields of economic and trade cooperation, and the successful holding of events such as the "Hong Kong and Macao Shandong Week," there are more and more cooperation opportunities between Shandong and Hong Kong and Macao. In the process of deepening economic and trade cooperation, understanding the legal system and business environment of Hong Kong and Macao has become key. Differences in legal systems across different jurisdictions, compliance requirements for cross-border transactions, and the choice of dispute resolution mechanisms all have a profound impact on the implementation and advancement of cooperation projects. To this end, the author will write a series of articles on the legal systems of Hong Kong and Macao, systematically summarizing the legal frameworks and practical rules of the two places, providing accurate legal references for Shandong enterprises to expand the Hong Kong and Macao markets, and helping cross-border cooperation to move steadily and far on a compliant track.
2025-07-01
01
2025-07
The 2013 revision of the Company Law introduced a subscribed capital system. For a long time, the promotion of the subscribed capital system has played a positive role in lowering the threshold for establishment and encouraging venture capital, but it has also brought about problems such as shareholders delaying or refusing to pay up capital contributions, inflated company capital, and difficulties for creditors in pursuing claims. The new Company Law, which came into effect on July 1, 2024, has made several adjustments to the subscribed capital system for limited liability company shareholders, especially providing clearer regulations on the definition of shareholder liability in cases of unpaid capital contributions and the remedies available to creditors. This paper analyzes and discusses various situations in which creditors claim legal responsibility from company shareholders for failure to fulfill or fully fulfill their capital contribution obligations under the old and new Company Laws.
2025-07-01
01
2025-07
Article 36, Paragraph (7) of the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on the Public Disclosure of Government Information stipulates: For information requested for disclosure that belongs to industrial and commercial, real estate registration data, etc., where relevant laws and administrative regulations have special provisions on the acquisition of information, the applicant shall be informed to handle it in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations. According to this provision, in practice, there is no major dispute regarding the disclosure of information involving industrial and commercial, real estate registration data. However, in addition to the two types of data clearly specified in this provision, what other data belongs to the “special provisions” in this provision? This article aims to summarize the types of information that may fall under the scope of “special provisions” in this article, combining specific provisions and relevant cases.
2025-07-01
30
2025-06
My company requires employees to clock in and out using facial recognition, which involves registering iris and facial recognition features. Some employees have raised concerns about the security of their facial information, as it is already linked to numerous accounts and bank cards. They worry about potential data breaches upon leaving the company and are therefore reluctant to use facial recognition for attendance. Does the company have the right to mandate facial recognition for attendance?
2025-06-30
30
2025-06
Director resignation involves numerous legal procedures and risks in corporate governance and operation. Properly handling related matters is of great significance to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of directors, maintaining the normal operation of the company, and ensuring the stability of market order. Based on the current Company Law and the Implementation Measures for Company Registration Management, this article provides a detailed explanation of the procedures for director resignation, legal risks, and issues related to litigation for deregistration.
2025-06-30
30
2025-06
In commercial practice, equity transfer is often seen as a way for shareholders to "shed their skin," seemingly allowing them to escape responsibility after signing and completing the transfer. However, the scales of justice are never unbalanced by a mere agreement. Equity transfer is by no means the end of legal liabilities; the original shareholders still bear numerous ongoing obligations. This article will penetrate the surface of the transaction to reveal the boundaries of legal responsibilities that original shareholders cannot avoid after an equity transfer.
2025-06-30
14
2025-06
Viewpoint | Illegal Dividend Distribution – The Legal Red Line Behind Shareholder Equity
In business operations, profit distribution (dividends) is the core way for shareholders to realize return on investment. However, not all "dividend distribution" behaviors are legal. Illegal dividend distribution may not only lead to civil recovery and administrative penalties, but also trigger criminal liability, and will severely damage the company's solvency and market credit.
2025-06-14
Zhongcheng Qingtai Jinan Region
Address: Floor 55-57, Jinan China Resources Center, 11111 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province
